Should there be a tax on junk food??

A tax on junk food should be implemented as a tool to reduce consumption and address the obesity epidemic, according to an article by Monash researchers that appeared in the Medical Journal of Australia. Ms Molly Bond, PhD candidate at the Michael Kirby Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine at Monash University, and co-authors discuss the possibility of introducing a junk food tax in a similar fashion to tobacco and alcohol taxes. Ms Bond said that the recent report on taxation -- the Henry tax review -- recommended that the federal government increase taxes already levied on tobacco and alcohol, because these are the best way to reduce social harms caused by the use and misuse of these substances. However, no similar scheme was recommended for junk food. "In recent years, obesity has overtaken smoking as the leading cause of premature death and illness in Australia," Ms Bond said. "More than 60 per cent of Australian adults and one in four children are overweight or obese. "Evidence suggests that the obesity epidemic in Australia and around the world is predominantly the result of over-consumption of food rather than a reduction in overall physical activity. "Curbing this over-consumption, of junk food in particular, must be a central component of any obesity prevention strategy. "Junk foods have the same pattern of misuse and the same social costs as tobacco and alcohol. "The Henry tax review rejects the idea of taxing fatty foods and, to date, the federal government has not implemented a tax on junk food," Ms Bond said. Ms Bond observed that the government's response to the obesity epidemic has been to create a partnership between governments and industry, which will inevitably align with industry objectives rather than public health needs. "We hope that the efforts of the public health community are not consumed in responding to government-industry initiatives that are almost certain to have no effect on the obesity epidemic." The Medical Journal of Australia is a publication of the Australian Medical Association. For further information about the Michael Kirby Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, visit The Michael Kirby Centre for Public Health and Human Rights website.

Food myths exposed!

There are many myths about foods - which you should eat and when you should eat them.

Below five myths are exposed as false!

1. Potatoes make you fat - false
It was once thought that the key to weight loss was eliminating all high carbohydrate foods, including pasta, rice and potatoes. We now know that carbohydrates are the body’s preferred energy source. Eating a potato, or any type of carbohydrate rich food, won’t automatically make you fatter. However, if you are watching your weight, enjoy potatoes in moderate quantities and be careful of how you eat your potato (for example, butter and sour cream are high in fats).You have to regularly eat more energy than your body needs to put on weight. This is harder to do with high carbohydrate foods than high fat foods. Eating a diet high in carbohydrate (and also fibre) is likely to push fat out of the diet.

2. Food combining diets really work - false
There are plenty of diets based on the belief that the digestive system can’t tackle a combination of foods or nutrients. Commonly, carbohydrates and proteins are said to ‘clash’, leading to digestive problems and weight gain. The opposite is often true. Foods eaten together can help the digestive system. For example, vitamin C in orange juice can increase iron absorption from a meal like chicken or beef.Very few foods are purely carbohydrate or purely protein; most are a mixture of both. The digestive system contains enzymes that are perfectly capable of breaking down all the foods we eat. Food combining diets should be avoided.

3. Breakfast should consist of fruit only - false
There is no evidence that eating only fruit at breakfast has any health or weight loss benefits. Most fruits are not very high in complex carbohydrates, which the body needs after an all-night fast. They are, however, a good source of fibre and vitamins. Cereal foods (especially wholegrain varieties) like bread, crumpets, muffins and breakfast cereals are a much better source of carbohydrates to get you going in the morning.

4. There are some magical foods that cause weight loss - false
Some foods, such as grapefruit or kelp, are said to burn off body fat. This is not true. Dietary fibre comes closest to fulfilling this wish because it provides a feeling of ‘fullness’ with minimal kilojoules. High fibre foods such as fruit, vegetables, wholegrain breads and cereals, and legumes also tend to be low in fat.

5. Drinking while you are eating is fattening - false
The theory behind this misconception is that digestive juices and enzymes will be diluted by the fluid, and this will slow down the digestion and lead to excess body fat. There is no scientific evidence to back this up. In fact, evidence suggests that drinking water with your meal improves digestion. Kilojoule-heavy drinks such as alcoholic beverages can be fattening if consumed in excess, but drinking them with meals doesn’t make them more so.

CHRISTMAS TIME HEALTH CHECK...

As Christmas beckons, it's easy to lose sight of the year's health goals. Rich food, plentiful alcohol and lack of exercise all contribute to a sluggish system, not to mention the family hazards that might fly your way. Try following these tips to minimise the physical and emotional damage.

Stay off the snacks
Around Christmas time, many of the kilos packed on are due to snacks that lie around the house. Go easy on the chocolates and nuts, they are full of kilojoules and are unnecessary when you are also enjoying large meals! As a substitute, have bowls of fruit available (grapes and berries are good) and help fill kids' stockings with an orange or apple, too.

Plan a walk
Just because it's Christmas doesn't mean normal life has to stop completely! Build some time into your day to take some exercise, even if it's a simple walk along the beach, a swim or a game of cricket in the backyard. Taking time out can also be helpful for avoiding family tension: if there's a storm brewing, calm yourself down by getting out and about for 30 minutes or so.

Bulk up on veg
Whatever your chosen Christmas meal, max out on vegies and cut back on the meat. It doesn't have to be dull — look up inventive ways to make a splendid salad or dress up those sprouts. As long as your vegies aren't covered in butter or rich salad dressing, you can scoff lots without packing on too many kilos.

Be sensitive to others
Not everybody finds Christmas a pleasant time — be sensitive to the feelings of those around you, especially if there's been a recent bereavement or loss. Even happy events such as the birth of a child can cause emotional havoc, so stay aware and steer clear of potentially hazardous topics.

Don't start on the booze too early
Tempting though it can be to crack open the bubbly as soon as you're dressed, save it for later in the day. When eventually you do have a drink, remember to space alcoholic beverages with soft ones, allowing your liver a chance to fight back. Don't forget that it's harder for your liver to metabolise alcohol when your sugar intake has been high: it prioritises the absorption of sugar over alcohol, so if you've been on the chocolates all day, any alcohol will remain in your system for longer.

Get organised!
If you leave all your preparations to the last minute, things can get stressful. Financially, too, leaving everything until last can create a big hole in your wallet. Space everything out by writing lists and buying presents ahead of time (this will also save you cash). Buy foods that won't go off in advance, too, such as Christmas puddings and so on.

Choose your drinks carefully
If you're watching your weight, some drinks will kill your diet. Obvious ones to look out for are creamy cocktails, but keep an eye on your intake of premixed drinks and cocktails in general. Stick to straight spirits, mixed with low-joule drinks, or wine.

Set out expectations
Christmas can be a very happy time, but it can also be stressful. If your parents are separated or if you're planning to spend the holidays with your partner's family, make sure the other set know in good time. Disappointment often breeds resentment and the last thing you need on your hands at Christmas is a family feud. As at any other time of the year, communication is of paramount importance — hiding away from telling somebody something they won't want to hear will only prolong the issue.

For more information see source:
http://health.ninemsn.com.au/dietandnutrition/nutrition/689863/christmas-health-busters

Why warm up & cool down??

Warm Up

The main purpose and benefit of warm up exercises is to slowly increase your heart rate. This increase in heart rate helps to raise your body temperature and to increase the blood flow to your muscles.

This increase in blood flow properly oxygenates your muscles and prepares them for the upcoming more strenuous aerobic exercise. With your body properly warmed up, you can easily and safely perform the needed stretching exercises to ensure proper flexibility and range of motion for your exercise routine.

A warm-up helps you prepare both mentally and physically for exercise, and reduces the chance of injury. During a warm-up, any injury or illness you have can often be recognized, and further injury prevented. Other benefits of a proper warm up include:

• Increased movement of blood through your tissues, making the muscles more pliable.


• Increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to your muscles. This prevents you from getting out of breath early or too easily.


• Prepares your muscles for stretching


• Prepares your heart for an increase in activity, preventing a rapid increase in blood pressure


• Prepares you mentally for the upcoming exercise


• Primes your nerve-to-muscle pathways to be ready for exercise


• Improves coordination and reaction times

Cool Down

Although many people skip warming up and cooling down, the cool down step is probably the most overlooked piece of an effective exercise routine. The benefits of cooling down are just as important as warm up period but bring you different benefits than the warm up routine.During an aerobic exercise routine you are working your heart within your target heart rate zone. The main purpose of cooling down is to bring your breathing, body temperature and heart rate back to normal slowly.

During the cool down routine you are allowing the blood to properly redistribute itself to the heart. This redistribution helps rid the muscles of lactic acid which can build up around the muscles during an aerobic workout.

If you stop your aerobic exercise abruptly and do not cool down, the blood can pool up around your muscles in the legs. This can cause insufficient blood flow and oxygen to the brain giving you a light headed and dizzy sensation. Dizziness, nausea and feeling worn out are common symptoms of an improper or no cool down period.

The importance of staying hydrated during exercise

Everybody knows that you should drink plenty of fluids when you are exercising, but like so many things, the importance of this one simple thing gets forgotten. It is not only vital to stay hydrated while you are exercising, but also to make sure you are well hydrated before you start exercising and also to keep drinking after your exercise has finished. Many people tend to forget about the before and after parts, and this can lead to dehydration which in turn can not only affect your performance, but can also lead to other problems such as migraines and poor recovery.

Your body needs to be well hydrated in order to function at it's best. While it can work perfectly well at low levels of dehydration, this puts a strain on your body and means you will not be able to perform to your optimum potential. While everybody's needs are different, you should aim to drink around 1.5 - 2 litres of water a day in order to keep yourself at maximum hydration. A good way to check how hydrated you are is to check the colour of your urine, ideally it should be a very pale straw colour, indicating good hydration, any darker than this and you should up your water intake.

Another important aspect of hydration, especially when undertaking high intensity or endurance sports is your electrolytes. These are essential salts and minerals that your body needs in order to function, and a lack of these can present themselves in the form of migraines or even muscle cramps. Sports drinks are a good way to ensure you are getting everything your body needs while you are exercising, and many contain these essential electrolytes as well as sugars to help you go on for longer. It is always a good idea to check the contents of these types of drinks, as many of them use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar to try and keep the calorie content down, which in a way defeats the purpose as more often than not when you reach for an energy drink you are doing so for a quick and instant energy boost, which can only be gained through some form of sugar.

Trying out different drinks until you find one that suits your needs is the only way to go about it, as everybody is different and of course have different tastes. Your friend might rave about their citrus flavour drink which you can 't stand the taste of, the great thing is that most drinks come in a range of flavours so you will be able to find one that you like. It shouldn't be necessary to consume this type of drink before your exercise, however there is nothing wrong with sipping on one throughout the course of your workout, and of course afterwards if it is a drink that contains electrolytes. The most important thing is that you stay hydrated, however you choose to do it.

For further information please see original source http://www.hubpages.com/

What to eat before & after exercise...

To get the best results from your workout, it’s important that you’re eating the right things before and after you exercise. Proper nutrition is essential to improving your endurance and preventing injury, keeping your body in the best condition to reach optimum performance levels. By following these guidelines, you can make the most of your fitness plan and start seeing results faster. Here’s what you need to know…

How your body uses fuel
First, it can be useful to understand how your body uses energy while exercising, and how different types of foods will help and inhibit your weight loss. When you do aerobic exercise- that is, exercises that focus on endurance over long periods of time, like cycling, jogging or swimming- your body uses carbs as fuel to start with. When it runs out of carbs, it starts burning fat.

When you do short-term, high-intensity exercises (anaerobic activity) such as strength training, your muscles use up lots of carbs in the form of glycogen, which is a complex sugar. Repetitive and vigorous training can easily use up most of the carbs stored in the muscles. So here’s how you can use this information to make the most of your workouts…

Before exercise
Make sure you’ve eaten a nutritious meal about an hour before you exercise to keep you going strong throughout your workout. Eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates, like whole-grain pasta, rice and bread, or fruits and vegetables. Complex carbs are easy to digest, and will give you plenty of energy to sustain you throughout your exercise, allowing yourself to really push your body to get the optimum results.

Avoid simple sugars like lollies for at least an hour before you exercise, as they will cause your blood sugar to drop during your workout. It’s important to make sure you don’t suffer low blood sugar levels when you exercise, as this can cause jitters and dizziness, which stops you from training as long and hard as you normally could.

It’s also important to make sure you are well hydrated before you work out. Drink 500-600 ml of water in the one or two hours before exercising. This will help you to reach your optimal physical performance, as well as providing resistance to injury and maintenance of normal body temperature.

During exercise
Make sure you take a water bottle to the gym and keep drinking throughout your workout. It’s recommended that you drink 100 to 200 ml for every 15 to 30 minutes of exercise. If you’re doing intense exercise for prolonged periods of times, you might consider sports drinks, which contain simple carbohydrates and electrolytes. Just remember to check the nutrition label- drinks with up to 10% carbohydrates (most good sports drinks) can help improve endurance, as they enter the bloodstream quickly and deliver glucose to active muscles effectively, but drinks with more carbs than that (like fruit juices and soda) should be avoided, as they can cause cramps and nausea.

After exercise
After your workout you should have a small snack that is rich in complex carbs, so you can restore your muscle-glycogen levels. An hour later, you should have a nutritious, protein-rich meal to repair damaged muscle tissues.

You will also need to rehydrate your body, so make sure you drink some more water. One way of figuring out how much you should be drinking is to weigh yourself before and after you exercise. Any weight lost in that time will be water, so drink one to two cups for each half-kilo lost.

Following these guidelines can help you to get the most out of your workout. You’ll find that your energy levels will improve, and you’ll be more able to reach your optimum performance. Be kind to your body- listen to what it needs, and you’ll be seeing better results in no time.

For more information see source: http://sportsmedicine.about.com

Will weight training make me bulky??

A lot of people (especially women) shy away from weight training for the fear they will end up with big, bulky, and oversized muscles. This simply isn’t true. A properly designed resistance program can deliver whatever you want from your muscles: tone, size, strength, and endurance.

Men and women often see body builders and think that weights will make them look similarly big and scary. But professional body builders train twice a day for hours on end and follow an extremely strict diet to achieve the hulking figures you see in magazines.

Not only does it take a lot of hard training to develop very large muscles, especially for women, the extent to which our muscles grow depends on many factors including:

• The type of resistance program followed (high volume and loads will add more bulk)
• Diet and food intake (you need to eat plenty of food, especially protein, to have the building blocks for big muscles)
• Gender (females generally don't have the chemicals eg. testosterone for extreme muscle building)
• Genetic make up (some people gain muscle faster than others)

Individuals respond differently to Weight Training

Everyone can benefit from a regular weight training program, especially women. Not everyone however, will respond the same way, even if they follow identical programs because we are all very individual and our genetic and body shapes are all very different. For example, if a program is designed to increase muscle size and strength, men will respond very differently to women as their muscles grow much larger due to higher circulating levels of the hormone testosterone. It’s primarily this reason why most women won’t get big muscles from resistance training, even when training with heavy weights. Genetics also play a part in how we adapt – some people gain lean muscle mass faster and in different places.Good weight training design is of paramount importance and a program must “deliver the goods”. Bigger doesn’t necessarily mean stronger so programs designed to increase muscle strength differ from those designed to increase muscle mass or endurance. Women should follow a weights program designed specifically designed for them and their body type.If weight loss is your goal then combining weights training with aerobic exercise is proven as a very successful approach. A number of studies have shown that aerobic work combined with resistance training gives the best fat loss results. You'll increase your metabolism, gain strength to make your aerobic workouts more effective, and improve posture, balance and get good feelings of well being.

Benefits of weight training

• Bone density (especially important for women in the fight against osteoporosis)
• Muscle endurance (reducing muscle fatigue by lifting lighter weights for more repetitions)
• Muscle tone and firmness (we all like this!)
• Increased work capacity (ie you can walk, run, cycle etc faster and burn more calories)

A weights training program can be designed according to your individual needs. Getting big muscles need not be one of these, so women shouldn’t worry about turning into the incredible hulk from some weights training!

For more information see source: http://www.completefitness.com.au/

SLEEP - Are you getting enough?

Sleep, why we need it, why it can be hard to get, and how it affects everything from athletic performance to our personal success and heath, is one of the hottest topics in science today.

So How Much Sleep Is Ideal?

According to studies people who sleep between 6.5 and 7.5 hours a night live the longest. People who sleep 8 hours or more or less than 6.5 hours have shorter life spans. There seems to be evidence to support that there is just as much risk over sleeping as there is in under-sleeping.

It may be interesting to note that long sleep starts at 8 hours and sleeping 8.5 hours might really be a bit worse than sleeping 5 hours a night.We can only guess at why people who sleep from 6.5 to 7.5 hours an night live longer, but we don’t really know the cause or the effect.

For example we don’t know for sure if a person who sleeps less time a night can live longer by extending their sleep and if a longer sleep can live longer by getting up a bit earlier.

One thing to remember as well if you are an athlete or bodybuilder, is that one of the only times we can grow or repair muscle is during certain stages of sleep. For the active trainer, and athlete our sleep is very important to recovery, in fact it is just as important as the workouts themselves.

The Eight-Hour Myth - Dispelled

So based on the studies and information at hand the 8 hours a night myth has been effectively squashed but it stems from an average. It's possible that the amount of sleep we need is determined by our genes and may be why we are either short or long sleepers.

The Long And Short Of It

Our genes may determine the amount of sleep our body requires for us to awaken feeling refreshed and recharged. This likely occurs across a gamut, with “short-sleepers” needing less than average and “long-sleepers” needing more.

Sleep Debt

When we don’t get enough sleep to meet our needs, we run into sleep debt. Sleep debt can accumulate. There are a number of signs or things that happen when we are in sleep debt

- Daytime sleepiness

- Fatigue

- Difficulty concentrating

- Poor judgment

- Increased risk of accidents

- Other health complicationsWe might be able to pay off sleep debt by taking naps or by sleeping in (or just going to bed earlier).

In conclusion Sleep is very important to everyone regardless of whether you are a bodybuilder or regular person, so remember to make sure your body gets the rest it needs!

For more information see source: www.fitness.com

Top tips for eating out!

1. Eat your calories and drink water. The first question you are always asked upon being seated in a restaurant is what you would like to drink. Choose water and pass on the high-fructose-corn-syrup, sugar, preservatives, caffeine and extra calories found in most beverages.

2. Take half home. We are annoyed when restaurants don’t over serve us and restaurants have responded accordingly by over supplying huge portions. Italian Restaurants are the worst culprits. Order a regular meal but eat half and get half to go. To resist the temptation to finish everything have the server package the remaining half at the same time the rest of the meal is brought out.

3. Pretend you are the Mercedes Benz of human machines. Top end vehicles require the best fuel and so should you. Pass on the value items and what appears to be a deal. Ever notice that salads and fruit platters are never the daily specials?

4. Look for key terms that describe how the meal was prepared. Good options include grilled, steamed, poached, broiled or roasted but pass on those that that are battered, deep fried and accompanied by sauces and dips.

5. Pass on the grains. You can get all the carbohydrates you need from fruits and vegetables. Just because bread is brought to the table doesn’t mean you have to eat it.

6. Pass on the buffets. We are usually full up to 20 minutes before we recognise the feeling of fullness. Having unlimited amounts of food available to you makes it nearly impossible to prevent overeating. No one brings a scale to the restaurant and we eat based on portion size. If the portion size is infinite we are going to overeat.

7. Order local. Food that comes from a particular region will be fresher, have more nutrients and add to the traveling experience by trying something new. When in coastal environments consider ordering fish and seafood. Find out what is produced locally and then try it.

8. Order off the menu. Don’t feel that asking for some grilled chicken and mixed greens is an unreasonable request.

For more information see source: www.fitness.com

Hunger and appetite awareness

Many of us eat when we are too hungry and then eat past the feeling of
being comfortably full.
Rate your hunger levels before and after you eat by using the following scale.
Make sure you eat with the initial signs of hunger (level 3) and only eat to be


feeling satisfied (level 5).



HUNGER SCALE



1
Incredibly Hungry
(starving, dizzy, irritable)



2
Hungry
(feeling ready to eat)



3
Initial Signs of Hunger
(slight pangs)



4
Neutral
(not full or hungry)



5
Satisfied
(feeling comfortable)



6
Full
(feel like you have over eaten)



7
Overfull
(feeling sick)

For more information visit source: http://www.gethealthynsw.com.au/

Heart Foundation Recipe - Lemon Tuna Risotto

A delicious risotto with tuna lightly flavoured with fragrant lemon zest.

Serves: 4Cooking time: 22 minutes

Ingredients

• 425g can John West Tuna - Olive Oil Blend, drained reserving 2 tablespoons*
• 2 cloves garlic, crushed
• 1 & 1/2 cups Arborio rice4 cups boiling water
• 8 baby roma tomatoes, quartered
• 1/4 cup shredded fresh basil
• 50g feta cheese
• 1 cup baby spinach leaves
• Grated rind of 1 lemon

Make this meal healthier by using Tick approved ingredients.

*Products available with the Tick. Remember all fresh fruit and vegetables automatically qualify for the Tick.


Instructions
1. Heat 2 tablespoon of reserved tuna oil in a large saucepan. Add garlic and rice and cook for 1 minute. Pour in boiling water; simmer for 15-20 minutes or until rice is tender and liquid absorbed, stirring occasionally.



2. Gently stir though drained John West Tuna, tomatoes and basil, season with pepper to taste. Remove from heat stand covered for 2-3 minutes.



3. Spoon rice mixture into serving bowls, crumble feta over the rice, top with spinach leaves and sprinkle with lemon rind.


Recipe and image courtesy of Simplot Australia.

Why being a healthy weight is important..

When the energy (kilojoules) we consume from and drink is more than the energy we use up, fat is deposited on our bodies.

Even small imbalances in this energy in energy out equation over time can cause you to become overweight or obese. This means you weigh more than what is considered healthy.

Being overweight or obese is unfortunately quite common in Australia now.
The problem with being overweight or obese is not about the way you look. Having excess weight increases the risk of many chronic and potentially lethal diseases.

Fortunately, most of these diseases are preventable with attention to Live Life Well factors including healthy eating and regular activity.

Generally speaking, the more body fat you’re carrying, the higher the risk to your health.

Some of the many chronic conditions and diseases associated with obesity include:
· insulin resistance
· high blood pressure
· atherosclerosis (clogging of the arteries)
· cardiovascular disease
· stroke
· some cancers
· Type 2 diabetes (where you don't produce enough insulin)
· gall bladder disease
· polycystic ovarian syndrome
· musculoskeletal problems such as osteoarthritis and back pain
· gout
· cataracts
· stress incontinence
· sleep aponea.

For more information see source: http://www.livelifewell.nsw.gov.au/